High input impedance voltage-mode universal filter and its modification as quadrature oscillator using VDDDAs

The second order universal voltage-mode filter using voltage differencing differential difference amplifiers (VDDDAs) has been proposed. It has high input impedance voltage-mode biquad filter with orthogonal tune of natural frequency and quality factor. The proposed filter simultaneously provides five filter responses: low-pass (LP), high-pass (HP), band-reject (BR), all-pass (AP) and band-pass (BP) in the same circuit topology. The natural frequency and quality factor can be tuned electronically and orthogonally dc bias current. The output impedance at output nodes HP, AP and BR has low impedance which can connect to other circuit without the use of voltage buffers. The proposed filter consists of three VDDDAs, one grounded resistor and two grounded capacitors. This makes the proposed filter suitable for integrated circuit development. With slightly modifying the proposed filter, the voltage-mode qudrature sinusoidal oscillator with low output impedance and independent control of condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO) has been achieved. The results shown in this paper are from PSPICE simulation and experiment to validate the proposed circuits

Voltage Differencing Current Conveyor Differential Input Transconductance Amplifier: Novel Active Element and Its Resistorless Filtering Application

This paper introduces novel modification of active element based on current conveyor transconductance amplifier core abbreviated as current controlled voltage differencing current conveyor differential input transconductance amplifier (CC-VDCCDITA). The active element is implemented by recently developed and manufactured IC modular device based on I3T25 0.35 um ON Semiconductor CMOS process. Active element uses three internal active cells of this IC device for construction of the CC-VDCCDITA. An application example of proposed element in simple special resistor-less electronically adjustable biquadratic filter is shown. Brief comparison with state-of-the-art solutions indicates beneficial features of proposed solution. Simulation results in Cadence IC tool accompany precise laboratory experimental measurements with real prototype

Temperature Insensitive Current-Mode Four Quadrant Multiplier Using Single CFCTA

A four quadrant multiplier of two current input signals using active building block, namely current follower cascaded transconductance amplifier (CFCTA) is presented in this paper. The proposed multiplier consists of only single CFCTA without the use of any passive element. The presented circuit has low impedance at current input node and high impedance at current output node which is convenient for cascading in current mode circuit without the need of current buffer circuits. The output current can multiply two input currents with temperature insensitivity. Moreover, the magnitude of output current can be controlled electronically via DC bias current. With only single active building block, the presented multiplier is suitable for integrated circuit implementation for analog signal processing. Simulation results from a PSpice program are presented in order to demonstrate the multiplier proposed here

Temperature Insensitive Current-Mode Four Quadrant Multiplier Using Single CFCTA

A four quadrant multiplier of two current input signals using active building block, namely current follower cascaded transconductance amplifier (CFCTA) is presented in this paper. The proposed multiplier consists of only single CFCTA without the use of any passive element. The presented circuit has low impedance at current input node and high impedance at current output node which is convenient for cascading in current mode circuit without the need of current buffer circuits. The output current can multiply two input currents with temperature insensitivity. Moreover, the magnitude of output current can be controlled electronically via DC bias current. With only single active building block, the presented multiplier is suitable for integrated circuit implementation for analog signal processing. Simulation results from a PSpice program are presented in order to demonstrate the multiplier proposed here

High input impedance voltage-mode universal filter and its modification as quadrature oscillator using VDDDAs

The second order universal voltage-mode filter using voltage differencing differential difference amplifiers (VDDDAs) has been proposed. It has high input impedance voltage-mode biquad filter with orthogonal tune of natural frequency and quality factor. The proposed filter simultaneously provides five filter responses: low-pass (LP), high-pass (HP), band-reject (BR), all-pass (AP) and band-pass (BP) in the same circuit topology. The natural frequency and quality factor can be tuned electronically and orthogonally dc bias current. The output impedance at output nodes HP, AP and BR has low impedance which can connect to other circuit without the use of voltage buffers. The proposed filter consists of three VDDDAs, one grounded resistor and two grounded capacitors. This makes the proposed filter suitable for integrated circuit development. With slightly modifying the proposed filter, the voltage-mode qudrature sinusoidal oscillator with low output impedance and independent control of condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO) has been achieved. The results shown in this paper are from PSPICE simulation and experiment to validate the proposed circuits

Signal sensing on heavy goods vehicle (Hgv) blind spot area for construction logistics

This paper will explore the issues and the causes of accidents contributed by heavy goods vehicles (HGV) specifically instigated by blind spot. A blind spot is an area or zone that cannot be directly observe by the truck driver on their side mirror. Unfortunately, due to this, high number of accidents had happened because of HGV drivers were not alert or aware of another road user or pedestrian hidden in the blind spot area. This often occurred to heavy goods vehicle drivers. The aim of this paper is to understand the issue of HGV blind spot and identify the potential use signal sensing as an alert mechanism for the blind spot of a heavy goods vehicles. This is to detect other road users who are in the dangerous distance of the HGV. This study has revealed the holistic understanding of HGV blind spot issues and problem by finding the answer for research question initially outlined